MongoDB中的文档与SQL数据库中的记录相同。
1、将文档插入集合
要将记录或在MongoDB中调用的文档插入集合中,我们使用insert_one()
方法。
insert_one()
方法的第一个参数是一个字典,其中包含要插入的文档中每个字段的名称和值。
例如:
在"customers" 集合中插入一条记录:
import pymongomyclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]mycol = mydb["customers"]mydict = { "name": "John", "address": "Highway 37" }x = mycol.insert_one(mydict)
2、返回_id字段
insert_one()
方法返回一个InsertOneResult对象,该对象具有一个inserted_id
属性,该属性保存插入文档的ID。
例如:
在"customers" 集合中插入另一条记录,并返回_id
字段:
mydict = { "name": "Peter", "address": "Lowstreet 27" }x = mycol.insert_one(mydict)print(x.inserted_id)
如果您未指定_id
字段,则MongoDB将为您添加一个,并为每个文档分配唯一的ID。
在上面的示例中,未指定_id
字段,因此MongoDB为记录(文档)分配了唯一的_id。
3、插入多个文档
要将多个文档插入MongoDB中的集合,我们使用insert_many()
方法。
insert_many()
方法的第一个参数是一个包含字典的列表,其中包含要插入的数据:
例如:
import pymongomyclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]mycol = mydb["customers"]mylist = [{ "name": "Amy", "address": "Apple st 652"},{ "name": "Hannah", "address": "Mountain 21"},{ "name": "Michael", "address": "Valley 345"},{ "name": "Sandy", "address": "Ocean blvd 2"},{ "name": "Betty", "address": "Green Grass 1"},{ "name": "Richard", "address": "Sky st 331"},{ "name": "Susan", "address": "One way 98"},{ "name": "Vicky", "address": "Yellow Garden 2"},{ "name": "Ben", "address": "Park Lane 38"},{ "name": "William", "address": "Central st 954"},{ "name": "Chuck", "address": "Main Road 989"},{ "name": "Viola", "address": "Sideway 1633"}]x = mycol.insert_many(mylist)#print list of the _id values of the inserted documents:print(x.inserted_ids)
insert_many()
方法返回一个InsertManyResult对象,该对象具有属性inserted_ids
,该属性保存插入文档的ID。
4、使用指定的id插入多个文档
如果您不希望MongoDB为文档分配唯一的ID,则可以在插入文档时指定_id字段。
请记住,这些值必须是唯一的。两个文档不能具有相同的_id。
例如:
import pymongomyclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")mydb = myclient["mydatabase"]mycol = mydb["customers"]mylist = [{ "_id": 1, "name": "John", "address": "Highway 37"},{ "_id": 2, "name": "Peter", "address": "Lowstreet 27"},{ "_id": 3, "name": "Amy", "address": "Apple st 652"},{ "_id": 4, "name": "Hannah", "address": "Mountain 21"},{ "_id": 5, "name": "Michael", "address": "Valley 345"},{ "_id": 6, "name": "Sandy", "address": "Ocean blvd 2"},{ "_id": 7, "name": "Betty", "address": "Green Grass 1"},{ "_id": 8, "name": "Richard", "address": "Sky st 331"},{ "_id": 9, "name": "Susan", "address": "One way 98"},{ "_id": 10, "name": "Vicky", "address": "Yellow Garden 2"},{ "_id": 11, "name": "Ben", "address": "Park Lane 38"},{ "_id": 12, "name": "William", "address": "Central st 954"},{ "_id": 13, "name": "Chuck", "address": "Main Road 989"},{ "_id": 14, "name": "Viola", "address": "Sideway 1633"}]x = mycol.insert_many(mylist)#print list of the _id values of the inserted documents:print(x.inserted_ids)