单元测试是开发人员为确保单个单元或组件功能正常工作而进行的测试之一.
在本教程中,我们将看到如何编写使用Mockito和Web Controller进行单元测试.
Mockito
为了将Mockito Mocks注入Spring Beans,我们需要添加Mockito核心我们的构建配置文件中的依赖项.
Maven用户可以在pom.xml文件中添加以下依赖项.
org.mockito mockito-core 2.13.0 org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-test test
Gradle用户可以在build.gradle文件中添加以下依赖项.
compile group: 'org.mockito', name: 'mockito-core', version: '2.13.0'testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
这里给出了编写Service类的代码,该类包含一个返回String值的方法.
package com.it1352.mockitodemo; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;@Servicepublic class ProductService { public String getProductName() { return "Honey"; } }
现在,将ProductService类注入另一个Service类文件,如图所示.
package com.it1352.mockitodemo; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;@Servicepublic class OrderService { @Autowired ProductService productService; public OrderService(ProductService productService) { this.productService = productService; } public String getProductName() { return productService.getProductName(); }}
主要的Spring Boot应用程序类文件在下面和下面给出;
package com.it1352.mockitodemo; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplicationpublic class MockitoDemoApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MockitoDemoApplication.class, args); }}
然后,为测试配置应用程序上下文. @Profile("test")注释用于在测试用例运行时配置类.
package com.it1352.mockitodemo ; import org.mockito.Mockito;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;@Profile("test")@Configurationpublic class ProductServiceTestConfiguration { @Bean @Primary public ProductService productService() { return Mockito.mock(ProductService.class); }}
现在,您可以在 src/test/resources下为Order Service编写单元测试用例包.
package com.it1352.mockitodemo; import org.junit.Assert;import org.junit.Test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.mockito.Mockito;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;@SpringBootTest@ActiveProfiles("test")@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)public class MockitoDemoApplicationTests { @Autowired private OrderService orderService; @Autowired private ProductService productService; @Test public void whenUserIdIsProvided_thenRetrievedNameIsCorrect() { Mockito.when(productService.getProductName()).thenReturn("Mock Product Name"); String testName = orderService.getProductName(); Assert.assertEquals("Mock Product Name", testName); }}
下面给出了构建配置文件的完整代码.
Maven - pom.xml
4.0.0 com.IT屋 mockito-demo 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT jar mockito-demo Demo project for Spring Boot org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-parent 1.5.9.RELEASE UTF-8 UTF-8 1.8 org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter org.mockito mockito-core 2.13.0 org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-test test org.springframework.boot spring-boot-maven-plugin
Gradle - build.gradle
buildscript { ext { springBootVersion = '1.5.9.RELEASE' } repositories { mavenCentral() } dependencies { classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}") }}apply plugin: 'java'apply plugin: 'eclipse'apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'group = 'com.it1352'version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'sourceCompatibility = 1.8repositories { mavenCentral()}dependencies { compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter') compile group: 'org.mockito', name: 'mockito-core', version: '2.13.0' testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')}
你可以创建一个可执行的JAR文件,然后运行使用以下Maven或Gradle1命令启动Spring Boot应用程序.
对于Maven,您可以使用如下所示的命令 :
mvn clean install
您可以在控制台窗口中看到测试结果.
对于Gradle,您可以使用如下所示的命令 :
gradle clean build
您可以在控制台窗口中看到其余结果.