使用Java应用程序发送电子邮件非常简单,但首先应该在您的计算机上安装 JavaMail API 和 Java Activation Framework(JAF) .
您可以下载最新版本的 JavaMail(版本1.2).
您可以下载网站的/img/tutorials/java/index.html"target ="_ blank"> JAF(版本1.1.1).
下载并解压缩这些文件,在新创建的顶级目录中,您将找到两个应用程序的jar文件.您需要在CLASSPATH中添加 mail.jar 和 activation.jar 文件.
发送简单电子邮件
以下是从您的计算机发送简单电子邮件的示例.假设您的 localhost 已连接到Internet并且足以发送电子邮件.
示例
// File Name SendEmail.javaimport java.util.*;import javax.mail.*;import javax.mail.internet.*;import javax.activation.*;public class SendEmail { public static void main(String [] args) { // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned. String to = "abcd@gmail.com"; // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned String from = "web@gmail.com"; // Assuming you are sending email from localhost String host = "localhost"; // Get system properties Properties properties = System.getProperties(); // Setup mail server properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host); // Get the default Session object. Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties); try { // Create a default MimeMessage object. MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session); // Set From: header field of the header. message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); // Set To: header field of the header. message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to)); // Set Subject: header field message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!"); // Now set the actual message message.setText("This is actual message"); // Send message Transport.send(message); System.out.println("Sent message successfully...."); } catch (MessagingException mex) { mex.printStackTrace(); } }}
编译并运行此程序以发送简单的电子邮件 :
输出
$ java SendEmailSent message successfully....
如果您想向多个收件人发送电子邮件,则可以使用以下方法指定多个电子邮件ID :
void addRecipients(Message.RecipientType type, Address[] addresses) throws MessagingException
这是参数说明 :
type : 这将设置为TO,CC或BCC.此处CC表示碳复制,BCC表示黑碳复制.示例: Message.RecipientType.TO
地址 : 这是一个电子邮件ID数组.在指定电子邮件ID时,您需要使用InternetAddress()方法.
发送HTML电子邮件
以下是从您的计算机发送HTML电子邮件的示例.这里假设您的 localhost 已连接到Internet并且足以发送电子邮件.
此示例与前一示例非常相似,除了这里我们使用setContent()方法设置第二个参数为"text/html"的内容,以指定HTML内容包含在消息中.
使用此示例,您可以发送与您喜欢的HTML内容一样大.
示例
// File Name SendHTMLEmail.javaimport java.util.*;import javax.mail.*;import javax.mail.internet.*;import javax.activation.*;public class SendHTMLEmail { public static void main(String [] args) { // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned. String to = "abcd@gmail.com"; // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned String from = "web@gmail.com"; // Assuming you are sending email from localhost String host = "localhost"; // Get system properties Properties properties = System.getProperties(); // Setup mail server properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host); // Get the default Session object. Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties); try { // Create a default MimeMessage object. MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session); // Set From: header field of the header. message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); // Set To: header field of the header. message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to)); // Set Subject: header field message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!"); // Send the actual HTML message, as big as you like message.setContent("This is actual message
", "text/html"); // Send message Transport.send(message); System.out.println("Sent message successfully...."); } catch (MessagingException mex) { mex.printStackTrace(); } }}
编译并运行此程序以发送HTML电子邮件 :
输出
$ java SendHTMLEmailSent message successfully....
通过电子邮件发送附件
以下是从您的计算机发送带附件的电子邮件的示例.这里假设您的 localhost 已连接到互联网并且足以发送电子邮件.
示例
// File Name SendFileEmail.javaimport java.util.*;import javax.mail.*;import javax.mail.internet.*;import javax.activation.*;public class SendFileEmail { public static void main(String [] args) { // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned. String to = "abcd@gmail.com"; // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned String from = "web@gmail.com"; // Assuming you are sending email from localhost String host = "localhost"; // Get system properties Properties properties = System.getProperties(); // Setup mail server properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host); // Get the default Session object. Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties); try { // Create a default MimeMessage object. MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session); // Set From: header field of the header. message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); // Set To: header field of the header. message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress(to)); // Set Subject: header field message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!"); // Create the message part BodyPart messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart(); // Fill the message messageBodyPart.setText("This is message body"); // Create a multipar message Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart(); // Set text message part multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart); // Part two is attachment messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart(); String filename = "file.txt"; DataSource source = new FileDataSource(filename); messageBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source)); messageBodyPart.setFileName(filename); multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart); // Send the complete message parts message.setContent(multipart ); // Send message Transport.send(message); System.out.println("Sent message successfully...."); } catch (MessagingException mex) { mex.printStackTrace(); } }}
编译并运行此程序以发送HTML电子邮件 :
输出
$ java SendFileEmailSent message successfully....
用户身份验证部件
如果需要向电子邮件服务器提供用户ID和密码以进行身份验证,则可以设置这些属性如下 :
props.setProperty("mail.user", "myuser");props.setProperty("mail.password", "mypwd");
其余的电子邮件发送机制将保持如上所述.