如果你已经阅读过关于RSpec Doubles(又名Mocks)的部分,那么你已经看过RSpec Stubs了.在RSpec中,存根通常被称为方法存根,它是一种特殊类型的方法,它"代表"现有方法,或者一种甚至不存在的方法.
以下是RSpec Doubles&minus部分的代码;
class ClassRoom def initialize(students) @students = students End def list_student_names @students.map(&:name).join(',') end end describe ClassRoom do it 'the list_student_names method should work correctly' do student1 = double('student') student2 = double('student') allow(student1).to receive(:name) { 'John Smith'} allow(student2).to receive(:name) { 'Jill Smith'} cr = ClassRoom.new [student1,student2] expect(cr.list_student_names).to eq('John Smith,Jill Smith') end end
在我们的示例中,allow()方法提供了测试ClassRoom类所需的方法存根.在这种情况下,我们需要一个像Student类的实例一样的对象,但该类实际上并不存在(尚未).我们知道Student类需要提供一个name()方法,我们使用allow()为name()创建一个方法存根.
需要注意的一点是,RSpec的语法多年来有所改变.在RSpec的旧版本中,上面的方法存根将被定义为这样 :
student1.stub(:name).and_return('John Smith') student2.stub(:name).and_return('Jill Smith')
让我们拿上面的代码并替换两个 allow()使用旧RSpec语法的行 :
class ClassRoom def initialize(students) @students = students end def list_student_names @students.map(&:name).join(',') end end describe ClassRoom do it 'the list_student_names method should work correctly' do student1 = double('student') student2 = double('student') student1.stub(:name).and_return('John Smith') student2.stub(:name).and_return('Jill Smith') cr = ClassRoom.new [student1,student2] expect(cr.list_student_names).to eq('John Smith,Jill Smith') end end
执行上述代码时,您将看到此输出 :
.Deprecation Warnings:Using `stub` from rspec-mocks' old `:should` syntax without explicitly enabling the syntax is deprec ated. Use the new `:expect` syntax or explicitly enable `:should` instead. Called from C:/rspec_tuto rial/spec/double_spec.rb:15:in `block (2 levels) in'.If you need more of the backtrace for any of these deprecations to identify where to make the necessary changes, you can configure `config.raise_errors_for_deprecations!`, and it will turn the deprecation warnings into errors, giving you the full backtrace.1 deprecation warning totalFinished in 0.002 seconds (files took 0.11401 seconds to load)1 example, 0 failures
当您需要在RSpec示例中创建方法存根时,建议您使用新的allow()语法,但我们在这里提供了较旧的样式,以便您在看到它时能够识别它它