limits.h 标头确定各种变量类型的各种属性.此标头中定义的宏限制了各种变量类型的值,如char,int和long.
这些限制指定变量不能存储超出这些限制的任何值,例如unsigned字符最多可存储255个.
库宏
以下值是特定于实现的,并使用#define指令定义,但这些值可能不低于此处给出的值.
宏 | 值 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
CHAR_BIT | 8 | 定义一个字节中的位数. |
SCHAR_MIN | - 128 | 定义签名字符的最小值. |
SCHAR_MAX | + 127 | 定义签名字符的最大值. |
UCHAR_MAX | 255 | 定义最大值一个unsigned char. |
CHAR_MIN | -128 | 定义char类型的最小值,如果char表示负值,则其值将等于SCHAR_MIN,否则为零. |
CHAR_MAX | + 127 | 定义char类型的值,如果char表示负值,则其值将等于SCHAR_MAX,否则为UCHAR_MAX. |
MB_LEN_MAX | 16 | 定义多字节字符中的最大字节数. |
SHRT_MIN | - 32768 | 定义short int的最小值. |
SHRT_MAX | + 32767 | 定义short int的最大值. |
USHRT_MAX | 65535 | 定义unsigned short int的最大值. |
INT_MIN | - 2147483648 | 定义int的最小值. |
INT_MAX | + 2147483647 | 定义int的最大值. |
UINT_MAX | 4294967295 | 定义unsigned int的最大值. |
LONG_MIN | - 9223372036854775808 | 定义long int的最小值. |
LONG_MAX | + 9223372036854775807 | 定义long int的最大值. |
ULONG_MAX | 18446744073709551615 | 定义unsigned long int的最大值. |
示例
以下示例显示了 limits.h 文件中定义的一些常量的用法.
#include#include int main() { printf("The number of bits in a byte %d\n", CHAR_BIT); printf("The minimum value of SIGNED CHAR = %d\n", SCHAR_MIN); printf("The maximum value of SIGNED CHAR = %d\n", SCHAR_MAX); printf("The maximum value of UNSIGNED CHAR = %d\n", UCHAR_MAX); printf("The minimum value of SHORT INT = %d\n", SHRT_MIN); printf("The maximum value of SHORT INT = %d\n", SHRT_MAX); printf("The minimum value of INT = %d\n", INT_MIN); printf("The maximum value of INT = %d\n", INT_MAX); printf("The minimum value of CHAR = %d\n", CHAR_MIN); printf("The maximum value of CHAR = %d\n", CHAR_MAX); printf("The minimum value of LONG = %ld\n", LONG_MIN); printf("The maximum value of LONG = %ld\n", LONG_MAX); return(0);}
让我们编译并运行上述程序,产生以下结果 :
The maximum value of UNSIGNED CHAR = 255 The minimum value of SHORT INT = -32768 The maximum value of SHORT INT = 32767 The minimum value of INT = -2147483648 The maximum value of INT = 2147483647 The minimum value of CHAR = -128 The maximum value of CHAR = 127 The minimum value of LONG = -9223372036854775808 The maximum value of LONG = 9223372036854775807