在本章中，我们将比较带有和不带标志的输出.让我们看看使用适当的标志如何提高Web应用程序的性能.在此之前，我们需要了解您的应用程序如何简单，然后您可能不会注意到差异.就像我们的简单应用程序一样，带有标志和没有标志.然后我们将使用 https://www.apache.org/网址执行相同的测试，看看差异.
测试没有标志的应用程序
在本节中，我们将了解如何在没有标志的情况下测试我们的应用程序.
$ ab -n 100 -c 10 http://127.0.0.1:8000/
输出
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1604373 $>Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/Benchmarking 127.0.0.1 (be patient).....doneServer Software: RocketServer Hostname: 127.0.0.1Server Port: 8000Document Path: /Document Length: VariableConcurrency Level: 10Time taken for tests: 0.244 secondsComplete requests: 100Failed requests: 0Non-2xx responses: 100Keep-Alive requests: 0Total transferred: 27700 bytesHTML transferred: 6600 bytesRequests per second: 2208.77 [#/sec] (mean)Time per request: 4.527 [ms] (mean)Time per request: 0.453 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)Transfer rate: 597.49 [Kbytes/sec] receivedConnection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median maxConnect: 1 2 0.7 2 3Processing: 0 2 0.7 2 4Waiting: 0 2 1.0 2 3Total: 4 4 0.3 4 5Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 4 66% 4 75% 5 80% 5 90% 5 95% 5 98% 5 99% 5 100% 5 (longest request)
使用标志测试我们的应用程序
在本节中，我们将了解如何使用标志测试我们的应用程序.
$ ab -l -r -n 100 -c 10 -k -H"Accept-Encoding:gzip，deflate"http://127.0.0.1:8000/
输出
...Requests per second: 2277.07 [#/sec] (mean)Time per request: 4.392 [ms] (mean)Time per request: 0.439 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)Transfer rate: 615.97 [Kbytes/sec] receivedConnection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median maxConnect: 1 2 0.7 2 3Processing: 0 2 0.7 2 4Waiting: 0 2 1.0 2 3Total: 4 4 0.2 4 5Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 4 66% 4 75% 4 80% 4 90% 5 95% 5 98% 5 99% 5 100% 5 (longest request)
我们可以简单地注意到输出之间没有太大差异统计.
测试没有标志的Apache组织网站
现在让我们看看如何测试没有标志的Apache组织网站.
$ ab -n 100 -c 10 http://www.apache.org/
输出
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1604373 $>Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/Benchmarking www.apache.org (be patient).....doneServer Software: Apache/2.4.7Server Hostname: www.apache.orgServer Port: 80Document Path: /Document Length: 58433 bytesConcurrency Level: 10Time taken for tests: 1.498 secondsComplete requests: 100Failed requests: 0Total transferred: 5877500 bytesHTML transferred: 5843300 bytesRequests per second: 66.74 [#/sec] (mean)Time per request: 149.840 [ms] (mean)Time per request: 14.984 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)Transfer rate: 3830.58 [Kbytes/sec] receivedConnection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median maxConnect: 12 110 295.2 12 1012Processing: 37 38 0.5 38 39Waiting: 12 13 0.3 13 15Total: 49 147 295.4 50 1051Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 50 66% 50 75% 50 80% 50 90% 816 95% 1050 98% 1051 99% 1051 100% 1051 (longest request)
使用标志测试Apache组织网站
现在让我们用Flags测试Apache Organization网站.
$ ab -l -r -n 100 -c 10 -k -H "Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate" http://www.apache.org/
输出
...Document Length: VariableConcurrency Level: 10Time taken for tests: 0.357 secondsComplete requests: 100Failed requests: 0Keep-Alive requests: 100Total transferred: 1358510 bytesHTML transferred: 1317700 bytesRequests per second: 280.28 [#/sec] (mean)Time per request: 35.678 [ms] (mean)Time per request: 3.568 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)Transfer rate: 3718.41 [Kbytes/sec] receivedConnection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median maxConnect: 0 1 3.7 0 12Processing: 14 17 21.3 15 227Waiting: 14 17 21.3 14 227Total: 14 18 21.5 15 227Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 15 66% 15 75% 15 80% 15 90% 27 95% 28 98% 29 99% 227 100% 227 (longest request)
您可以简单地注意每秒的请求如何随着标志的使用而增加.在本例中，特别是由于使用了 -H"Accept-Encoding:gzip ，因为该标志告诉Apache服务器以 gzip 格式提供请求.
考虑Apache Bench结果
Apache Bench结果需要考虑几个要点.这将有助于我们设计消除应用程序瓶颈并提高性能的整体策略.
我们需要每秒请求数.这让我们了解我们的Web服务器设置是如何运行的;数字越大，性能越好.然后是连接时间(ms)和服务请求的百分比.您可能需要调整Web服务器的设置以将这些指标更改为您期望的性能.
检查Apache或使用过的Web服务器错误日志或(一般)日志中是否有错误.随着您的负载增加，事情将开始窒息:内存问题将启动升起如果不考虑并发性，许多python脚本将开始崩溃.
您需要找出Web服务器崩溃的关键并发值和/或倍出？通常，这应该发生在相当高的并发级别.如果此值较低，则表示出现问题，您需要将这些设置调低或调低.
结论
在本教程中，我们学习了Apache的用法Bench可用于加载测试任何网站或Web应用程序. Apache Bench可以是一个非常有价值的工具，用于确定应如何改进Web应用程序服务器设置，以减少瓶颈并提高性能.现在您已熟悉Apache Bench的基本用法，您可以从创建新的测试计划开始，以便在各种情况下测量应用程序的性能.