在Elasticsearch中，使用基于JSON的查询进行搜索.查询由两个子句组成 :
叶子查询条款 : 这些子句是匹配，术语或范围，用于在特定字段中查找特定值.
复合查询子句 : 这些查询是叶子查询子句和其他复合查询的组合，用于提取所需信息.
Elasticsearch支持大量查询.查询以查询关键字开头，然后以JSON对象的形式包含条件和过滤器.下面已经描述了不同类型的查询 :
匹配所有查询
这是最基本的查询;它返回所有内容，每个对象的得分为1.0.例如，
POST http://localhost:9200/schools */_ search
请求正文
{ "query":{ "match_all":{} }}回复
{ "took":1, "timed_out":false, "_shards":{"total":10, "successful":10, "failed":0}, "hits":{ "total":5, "max_score":1.0, "hits":[ { "_index":"schools", "_type":"school", "_id":"2", "_score":1.0, "_source":{ "name":"Saint Paul School", "description":"ICSE Affiliation", "street":"Dawarka", "city":"Delhi", "state":"Delhi", "zip":"110075", "location":[28.5733056, 77.0122136], "fees":5000, "tags":["Good Faculty", "Great Sports"], "rating":"4.5" } }, { "_index":"schools_gov", "_type":"school", "_id":"2", "_score":1.0, "_source":{ "name":"Government School", "description":"State Board Affiliation", "street":"Hinjewadi", "city":"Pune", "state":"MH", "zip":"411057", "location":[18.599752, 73.6821995], "fees":500, "tags":["Great Sports"], "rating":"4" } }, { "_index":"schools", "_type":"school", "_id":"1", "_score":1.0, "_source":{ "name":"Central School", "description":"CBSE Affiliation", "street":"Nagan", "city":"paprola", "state":"HP", "zip":"176115", "location":[31.8955385, 76.8380405], "fees":2200, "tags":["Senior Secondary", "beautiful campus"], "rating":"3.3" } }, { "_index":"schools_gov", "_type":"school", "_id":"1", "_score":1.0, "_source":{ "name":"Model School", "description":"CBSE Affiliation", "street":"silk city", "city":"Hyderabad", "state":"AP", "zip":"500030", "location":[17.3903703, 78.4752129], "fees":700, "tags":["Senior Secondary", "beautiful campus"], "rating":"3" } }, { "_index":"schools", "_type":"school", "_id":"3", "_score":1.0, "_source":{ "name":"Crescent School", "description":"State Board Affiliation", "street":"Tonk Road", "city":"Jaipur", "state":"RJ", "zip":"176114", "location":[26.8535922, 75.7923988], "fees":2500, "tags":["Well equipped labs"], "rating":"4.5" } } ] }}全Te xt查询
这些查询用于搜索整篇文章，如章节或新闻文章.此查询根据与该特定索引或文档关联的分析器工作.在本节中，我们将讨论不同类型的全文查询.
匹配查询
此查询将文本或短语与值匹配一个或多个字段.例如，
POST http://localhost:9200/schools*/_search
Request Body
{ "query":{ "match" : { "city":"pune" } }}响应
{ "took":1, "timed_out":false, "_shards":{"total":10, "successful":10, "failed":0}, "hits":{ "total":1, "max_score":0.30685282, "hits":[{ "_index":"schools_gov", "_type":"school", "_id":"2", "_score":0.30685282, "_source":{ "name":"Government School", "description":"State Board Afiliation", "street":"Hinjewadi", "city":"Pune", "state":"MH", "zip":"411057", "location":[18.599752, 73.6821995], "fees":500, "tags":["Great Sports"], "rating":"4" } }] }}multi_match query
此查询匹配具有多个字段的文本或短语.例如，
POST http://localhost:9200/schools */_ search
请求正文
{ "query":{ "multi_match" : { "query": "hyderabad", "fields": [ "city", "state" ] } }}回复
{ "took":16, "timed_out":false, "_shards":{"total":10, "successful":10, "failed":0}, "hits":{ "total":1, "max_score":0.09415865, "hits":[{ "_index":"schools_gov", "_type":"school", "_id":"1", "_score":0.09415865, "_source":{ "name":"Model School", " description":"CBSE Affiliation", "street":"silk city", "city":"Hyderabad", "state":"AP", "zip":"500030", "location":[17.3903703, 78.4752129], "fees":700, "tags":["Senior Secondary", "beautiful campus"], "rating":"3" } }] }}查询字符串查询
此查询使用查询解析器和query_string关键字.例如，
POST http://localhost:9200/schools/_search
请求正文
{ "query":{ "query_string":{ "query":"good faculty" } }}回复
{ "took":16, "timed_out":false, "_shards":{"total":10, "successful":10, "failed":0}, "hits":{ "total":1, "max_score":0.09492774, "hits":[{ "_index":"schools", "_type":"school", "_id":"2", "_score":0.09492774, "_source":{ "name":"Saint Paul School", "description":"ICSE Affiliation", "street":"Dawarka", "city":"Delhi", "state":"Delhi", "zip":"110075", "location":[28.5733056, 77.0122136], "fees":5000, "tags":["Good Faculty", "Great Sports"], "rating":"4.5" } }] }}术语等级查询
这些查询主要处理结构化数据，如数字，日期和emuns.例如，
POST http://localhost:9200/schools/_search
请求正文
{ "query":{ "term":{"zip":"176115"} }}回复
{ "took":1, "timed_out":false, "_shards":{"total":10, "successful":10, "failed":0}, "hits":{ "total":1, "max_score":0.30685282, "hits":[{ "_index":"schools", "_type":"school", "_id":"1", "_score":0.30685282, "_source":{ "name":"Central School", "description":"CBSE Affiliation", "street":"Nagan", "city":"paprola", "state":"HP", "zip":"176115", "location":[31.8955385, 76.8380405], "fees":2200, "tags":["Senior Secondary", "beautiful campus"], "rating":"3.3" } }] }}范围查询
此查询用于查找值在值范围之间的对象.为此，我们需要使用运算符，如 :
gte : 大于等于
gt : 大于
lte : 小于等于
lt : 小于
例如，
POST http://localhost:9200/schools */_ search
Request Body
{ "query":{ "range":{ "rating":{ "gte":3.5 } } }}回复
{ "took":31, "timed_out":false, "_shards":{"total":10, "successful":10, "failed":0}, "hits":{ "total":3, "max_score":1.0, "hits":[ { "_index":"schools", "_type":"school", "_id":"2", "_score":1.0, "_source":{ "name":"Saint Paul School", "description":"ICSE Affiliation", "street":"Dawarka", "city":"Delhi", "state":"Delhi", "zip":"110075", "location":[28.5733056, 77.0122136], "fees":5000, "tags":["Good Faculty", "Great Sports"], "rating":"4.5" } }, { "_index":"schools_gov", "_type":"school", "_id":"2", "_score":1.0, "_source":{ "name":"Government School", "description":"State Board Affiliation", "street":"Hinjewadi", "city":"Pune", "state":"MH", "zip":"411057", "location":[18.599752, 73.6821995] "fees":500, "tags":["Great Sports"], "rating":"4" } }, { "_index":"schools", "_type":"school", "_id":"3", "_score":1.0, "_source":{ "name":"Crescent School", "description":"State Board Affiliation", "street":"Tonk Road", "city":"Jaipur", "state":"RJ", "zip":"176114", "location":[26.8535922, 75.7923988], "fees":2500, "tags":["Well equipped labs"], "rating":"4.5" } } ] }}其他术语级别查询的类型是 :
存在查询 : 如果某个字段的值为空值.
缺少查询 : 这与存在查询完全相反，此查询搜索没有特定字段或具有空值的字段的对象.
通配符或正则表达式查询 : 此查询使用正则表达式查找对象中的模式.
键入查询 : 具有特定类型的文件.例如，
POST http://localhost:9200/schools */_ search
Request Body
{ "query":{ "type" : { "value" : "school" } }}回复
指定索引中存在的所有学校JSON对象.
复合查询
这些查询是彼此合并的不同查询的集合通过使用和，或，或不使用布尔运算符或用于不同的索引或具有函数调用等.例如，
POST http://localhost:9200/schools*/_search
请求正文
{ "query":{ "filtered":{ "query":{ "match":{ "state":"UP" } }, "filter":{ "range":{ "rating":{ "gte":4.0 } } } } }}响应
{ "took":16, "timed_out":false, "_shards":{"total":10, "successful":10, "failed":0}, "hits":{"total":0, "max_score":null, "hits":[]}}加入查询
这些查询用于包含多个映射或文档的位置.有两种类型的加入查询 :
嵌套查询
这些查询处理嵌套映射(您将在下一章中阅读更多相关信息) ).
has_child和has_parent查询
这些查询用于检索文档的子级或父级，这些查询在查询中匹配.例如，
POST http://localhost:9200/tutorials/_search
请求正文
{ "query": { "has_child" : { "type" : "article", "query" : { "match" : { "Text" : "This is article 1 of chapter 1" } } } }}回复
{ "took":21, "timed_out":false, "_shards":{"total":5, "successful":5, "failed":0}, "hits":{ "total":1, "max_score":1.0, "hits":[{ "_index":"tutorials", "_type":"chapter", "_id":"1", "_score":1.0, "_source":{ "Text":"this is chapter one" } }] }}地理查询
这些查询处理地理位置和地理位置.这些查询有助于找到任何地点附近的学校或任何其他地理对象.您需要使用地理点数据类型.例如，
POST http://localhost:9200/schools */_ search
Request Body
{ "query":{ "filtered":{ "filter":{ "geo_distance":{ "distance":"100km", "location":[32.052098, 76.649294] } } } }}回复
{ "took":6, "timed_out":false, "_shards":{"total":10, "successful":10, "failed":0}, "hits":{ "total":2, "max_score":1.0, "hits":[ { "_index":"schools", "_type":"school", "_id":"2", "_score":1.0, "_source":{ "name":"Saint Paul School", "description":"ICSE Affiliation", "street":"Dawarka", "city":"Delhi", "state":"Delhi", "zip":"110075", "location":[28.5733056, 77.0122136], "fees":5000, "tags":["Good Faculty", "Great Sports"], "rating":"4.5" } }, { "_index":"schools", "_type":"school", "_id":"1", "_score":1.0, "_source":{ "name":"Central School", "description":"CBSE Affiliation", "street":"Nagan", "city":"paprola", "state":"HP", "zip":"176115", "location":[31.8955385, 76.8380405], "fees":2000, "tags":["Senior Secondary", "beautiful campus"], "rating":"3.5" } } ] }}注意 : 如果在执行上述示例时遇到异常，请将以下映射添加到索引中.
{ "mappings":{ "school":{ "_all":{ "enabled":true }, "properties":{ "location":{ "type":"geo_point" } } } }}