Puppet类被定义为资源集合,这些资源组合在一起以使目标节点或机器处于所需状态.这些类在Puppet清单文件中定义,它们位于Puppet模块中.使用类的主要目的是减少任何清单文件或任何其他Puppet代码中的相同代码重复.
以下是Puppet类的示例.
[root@puppetmaster manifests]# cat site.pp class f3backup ( $backup_home = '/backup', $backup_server = 'default', $myname = $::fqdn, $ensure = 'directory', ) { include '::f3backup::common' if ( $myname == '' or $myname == undef ) { fail('myname must not be empty') } @@file { "${backup_home}/f3backup/${myname}": # To support 'absent', though force will be needed ensure => $ensure, owner => 'backup', group => 'backup', mode => '0644', tag => "f3backup-${backup_server}", }}
在上面的例子中,我们有两个用户需要的客户端存在.可以注意到,我们重复了两次相同的资源.在组合两个节点时不做同样任务的一种方法.
[root@puppetmaster manifests]# cat site.pp node 'Brcleprod001','Brcleprod002' { user { 'vipin': ensure => present, uid => '101', shell => '/bin/bash', home => '/home/homer', } }
以这种方式合并节点以执行配置不是一个好习惯.这可以通过创建一个类并在节点中包含创建的类来实现,如下所示.
class vipin_g01063908 { user { 'g01063908': ensure => present, uid => '101', shell => '/bin/bash', home => '/home/g01063908', } } node 'Brcleprod001' { class {vipin_g01063908:} } node 'Brcleprod002' { class {vipin_g01063908:} }
需要注意的是类结构的样子以及我们如何添加新资源使用class关键字. Puppet中的每个语法都有自己的特性.因此,选择的语法取决于条件.
参数化类
如上例所示,我们已经看到了如何创建一个类和将它包含在节点中.现在有些情况下我们需要在每个节点上有不同的配置,例如当一个人需要在每个节点上使用同一个类时拥有不同的用户时. Puppet中使用参数化类提供此功能.新类的配置如下例所示.
[root@puppetmaster ~]# cat /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp class user_account ($username){ user { $username: ensure => present, uid => '101', shell => '/bin/bash', home => "/home/$username", } } node 'Brcleprod002' { class { user_account: username => "G01063908", } } node 'Brcleprod002' { class {user_account: username => "G01063909", } }
当我们在节点上应用上述site.pp清单时,则每个节点的输出将如下所示.
Brcleprod001
[root@puppetagent1 ~]# puppet agent --test Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for puppetagent1.testing.dyndns.org Info: Applying configuration version '1419452655' Notice: /Stage[main]/User_account/User[homer]/ensure: created Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.15 seconds [root@brcleprod001 ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep "vipin" G01063908:x:101:501::/home/G01063909:/bin/bash
Brcleprod002
[root@Brcleprod002 ~]# puppet agent --test Info: Retrieving pluginfacts Info: Retrieving plugin Info: Caching catalog for puppetagent2.testing.dyndns.org Info: Applying configuration version '1419452725' Notice: /Stage[main]/User_account/User[bart]/ensure: created Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.19 seconds [root@puppetagent2 ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep "varsha" G01063909:x:101:501::/home/G01063909:/bin/bash
还可以设置默认值类参数的值,如下面的代码所示.
[root@puppetmaster ~]# cat /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp class user_account ($username = ‘g01063908'){ user { $username: ensure => present, uid => '101', shell => '/bin/bash', home => "/home/$username", } } node 'Brcleprod001' { class {user_account:} } node 'Brcleprod002' { class {user_account: username => "g01063909", } }