资源是Puppet用于设计和构建任何特定基础架构或机器的关键基本单元之一.它们主要用于建模和维护系统配置. Puppet有多种类型的资源，可用于定义系统体系结构，或者用户可以利用它来构建和定义新资源.
清单文件中的Puppet代码块或任何其他文件称为资源声明.代码块用称为声明建模语言(DML)的语言编写.以下是它的外观示例.
user { 'vipin': ensure => present, uid => '552', shell => '/bin/bash', home => '/home/vipin', }在Puppet中，任何特定资源类型的资源声明都在代码块中完成.在以下示例中，用户主要由四个预定义参数组成.
资源类型 : 在上面的代码段中，它是用户.
资源参数 : 在上面的代码片段中，它是Vipin.
属性 : 在上面的代码片段中，它是确保，uid，shell，home.
值 : 这些是与每个属性对应的值.
每种资源类型都有自己的定义定义和参数的方式，并且用户具有有权挑选他想要资源的方式.
资源类型
Puppet中有不同类型的资源可用有自己的功能方式.可以使用"describe"命令和"-list"选项查看这些资源类型.
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet describe --list These are the types known to puppet: augeas - Apply a change or an array of changes to the ... computer - Computer object management using DirectorySer ... cron - Installs and manages cron jobs exec - Executes external commands file - Manages files, including their content, owner ... filebucket - A repository for storing and retrieving file ... group - Manage groups host - Installs and manages host entries interface - This represents a router or switch interface k5login - Manage the ‘.k5login’ file for a user macauthorization - Manage the Mac OS X authorization database mailalias - .. no documentation .. maillist - Manage email lists mcx - MCX object management using DirectoryService ... mount - Manages mounted filesystems, including puttin ... nagios_command - The Nagios type command nagios_contact - The Nagios type contact nagios_contactgroup - The Nagios type contactgroup nagios_host - The Nagios type host nagios_hostdependency - The Nagios type hostdependency nagios_hostescalation - The Nagios type hostescalation nagios_hostextinfo - The Nagios type hostextinfo nagios_hostgroup - The Nagios type hostgroup nagios_service - The Nagios type service nagios_servicedependency - The Nagios type servicedependency nagios_serviceescalation - The Nagios type serviceescalation nagios_serviceextinfo - The Nagios type serviceextinfo nagios_servicegroup - The Nagios type servicegroup nagios_timeperiod - The Nagios type timeperiod notify - .. no documentation .. package - Manage packages resources - This is a metatype that can manage other reso ... router - .. no documentation .. schedule - Define schedules for Puppet scheduled_task - Installs and manages Windows Scheduled Tasks selboolean - Manages SELinux booleans on systems with SELi ... service - Manage running services ssh_authorized_key - Manages SSH authorized keys sshkey - Installs and manages ssh host keys stage - A resource type for creating new run stages tidy - Remove unwanted files based on specific crite ... user - Manage users vlan - .. no documentation .. whit - Whits are internal artifacts of Puppet's curr ... yumrepo - The client-side description of a yum reposito ... zfs - Manage zfs zone - Manages Solaris zones zpool - Manage zpools
资源标题
在上面的代码片段中，我们的资源标题为vipin，它是唯一的在代码的同一文件中使用的每个资源.这是此用户资源类型的唯一标题.我们不能拥有相同名称的资源，因为它会导致冲突.
资源命令可用于查看使用类型user的所有资源的列表.
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet resource user user { 'abrt': ensure => 'present', gid => '173', home => '/etc/abrt', password => '!!', password_max_age => '-1', password_min_age => '-1', shell => '/sbin/nologin', uid => '173', } user { 'admin': ensure => 'present', comment => 'admin', gid => '444', groups => ['sys', 'admin'], home => '/var/admin', password => '*', password_max_age => '99999', password_min_age => '0', shell => '/sbin/nologin', uid => '55', } user { 'tomcat': ensure => 'present', comment => 'tomcat', gid => '100', home => '/var/www', password => '!!', password_max_age => '-1', password_min_age => '-1', shell => '/sbin/nologin', uid => '100', }列出特定用户的资源
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet resource user tomcat user { 'apache': ensure => 'present', comment => 'tomcat', gid => '100', home => '/var/www', password => '!!', password_max_age => '-1', password_min_age => '-1', shell => '/sbin/nologin', uid => '100’, }属性&值
任何资源的主体都由一组属性 - 值对组成.这里可以指定给定资源属性的值.每种资源类型都有自己的一组属性，可以使用键值对进行配置.
描述可用于获取有关特定资源属性的更多详细信息的子命令.在下面的示例中，我们有关于用户资源及其所有可配置属性的详细信息.
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppet describe user user ==== Manage users. This type is mostly built to manage system users, so it is lacking some features useful for managing normal users. This resource type uses the prescribed native tools for creating groups and generally uses POSIX APIs for retrieving information about them.It does not directly modify ‘/etc/passwd’ or anything. **Autorequires:** If Puppet is managing the user's primary group (as provided in the ‘gid’ attribute), the user resource will autorequire that group. If Puppet is managing any role accounts corresponding to the user's roles, the user resource will autorequire those role accounts. Parameters ---------- - **allowdupe** Whether to allow duplicate UIDs. Defaults to ‘false’. Valid values are ‘true’, ‘false’, ‘yes’, ‘no’. - **attribute_membership** Whether specified attribute value pairs should be treated as the **complete list** (‘inclusive’) or the **minimum list** (‘minimum’) of attribute/value pairs for the user. Defaults to ‘minimum’. Valid values are ‘inclusive’, ‘minimum’. - **auths** The auths the user has. Multiple auths should be specified as an array. Requires features manages_solaris_rbac. - **comment** A description of the user. Generally the user's full name. - **ensure** The basic state that the object should be in. Valid values are ‘present’, ‘absent’, ‘role’. - **expiry** The expiry date for this user. Must be provided in a zero-padded YYYY-MM-DD format --- e.g. 2010-02-19. If you want to make sure the user account does never expire, you can pass the special value ‘absent’. Valid values are ‘absent’. Values can match ‘/^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}$/’. Requires features manages_expiry. - **forcelocal** Forces the mangement of local accounts when accounts are also being managed by some other NSS - **gid** The user's primary group. Can be specified numerically or by name. This attribute is not supported on Windows systems; use the ‘groups’ attribute instead. (On Windows, designating a primary group is only meaningful for domain accounts, which Puppet does not currently manage.) - **groups** The groups to which the user belongs. The primary group should not be listed, and groups should be identified by name rather than by GID. Multiple groups should be specified as an array. - **home** The home directory of the user. The directory must be created separately and is not currently checked for existence. - **ia_load_module** The name of the I&A module to use to manage this user. Requires features manages_aix_lam. - **iterations** This is the number of iterations of a chained computation of the password hash (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2). This parameter is used in OS X. This field is required for managing passwords on OS X >= 10.8. Requires features manages_password_salt. - **key_membership** - **managehome** Whether to manage the home directory when managing the user. This will create the home directory when ‘ensure => present’, and delete the home directory when ‘ensure => absent’. Defaults to ‘false’. Valid values are ‘true’, ‘false’, ‘yes’, ‘no’. - **membership** Whether specified groups should be considered the **complete list** (‘inclusive’) or the **minimum list** (‘minimum’) of groups to which the user belongs. Defaults to ‘minimum’. Valid values are ‘inclusive’, ‘minimum’. - **name** The user name. While naming limitations vary by operating system, it is advisable to restrict names to the lowest common denominator, which is a maximum of 8 characters beginning with a letter. Note that Puppet considers user names to be case-sensitive, regardless of the platform's own rules; be sure to always use the same case when referring to a given user. - **password** The user's password, in whatever encrypted format the local system requires. * Most modern Unix-like systems use salted SHA1 password hashes. You can use Puppet's built-in ‘sha1’ function to generate a hash from a password. * Mac OS X 10.5 and 10.6 also use salted SHA1 hashes. Windows API for setting the password hash. [stdlib]: https://img01.yuandaxia.cn/Content/img/tutorials/puppet/ Be sure to enclose any value that includes a dollar sign ($) in single quotes (') to avoid accidental variable interpolation. Requires features manages_passwords. - **password_max_age** The maximum number of days a password may be used before it must be changed. Requires features manages_password_age. - **password_min_age** The minimum number of days a password must be used before it may be changed. Requires features manages_password_age. - **profile_membership** Whether specified roles should be treated as the **complete list** (‘inclusive’) or the **minimum list** (‘minimum’) of roles of which the user is a member. Defaults to ‘minimum’. Valid values are ‘inclusive’, ‘minimum’. - **profiles** The profiles the user has. Multiple profiles should be specified as an array. Requires features manages_solaris_rbac. - **project** The name of the project associated with a user. Requires features manages_solaris_rbac. - **uid** The user ID; must be specified numerically. If no user ID is specified when creating a new user, then one will be chosen automatically. This will likely result in the same user having different UIDs on different systems, which is not recommended. This is especially noteworthy when managing the same user on both Darwin and other platforms, since Puppet does UID generation on Darwin, but the underlying tools do so on other platforms. On Windows, this property is read-only and will return the user's security identifier (SID).