COBOL动词用于程序分区进行数据处理.语句始终以COBOL动词开头.有几个COBOL动词具有不同类型的动作.
输入/输出动词
输入/输出动词用于从用户获取数据和显示COBOL程序的输出.以下两个动词用于此过程 :
接受动词
接受动词用于获取日期，时间和日期等数据来自操作系统或直接来自用户.如果程序正在接受来自用户的数据，那么它需要通过JCL传递.从操作系统获取数据时，包括FROM选项，如以下示例所示 :
ACCEPT WS-STUDENT-NAME.ACCEPT WS-DATE FROM SYSTEM-DATE.
显示动词
显示动词用于显示COBOL程序的输出.
DISPLAY WS-STUDENT-NAME.DISPLAY "System date is : " WS-DATE.
COBOL PROGRAM
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.PROGRAM-ID. HELLO.DATA DIVISION. WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 WS-STUDENT-NAME PIC X(25). 01 WS-DATE PIC X(10).PROCEDURE DIVISION. ACCEPT WS-STUDENT-NAME. ACCEPT WS-DATE FROM DATE. DISPLAY "Name : " WS-STUDENT-NAME. DISPLAY "Date : " WS-DATE.STOP RUN.
JCL 执行上述COBOL程序 :
//SAMPLE JOB(TESTJCL,XXXXXX),CLASS = A,MSGCLASS = C//STEP1 EXEC PGM = HELLO//INPUT DD DSN=PROGRAM.DIRECTORY,DISP=SHR//SYSIN DD *TutorialsPoint/*
编译并执行上述程序时，它会生成以下结果 :
Name : TutorialsPointDate : 2014-08-30
初始化动词
初始化动词用于初始化组项或基本项.无法初始化具有RENAME子句的数据名称.数字数据项由ZEROES替换.字母数字或字母数据项由SPACES替换.如果我们包含REPLACING术语，那么数据项可以初始化为给定的替换值，如以下示例所示 :
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.PROGRAM-ID. HELLO.DATA DIVISION. WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 WS-NAME PIC A(30) VALUE 'ABCDEF'. 01 WS-ID PIC 9(5). 01 WS-ADDRESS. 05 WS-HOUSE-NUMBER PIC 9(3). 05 WS-COUNTRY PIC X(15). 05 WS-PINCODE PIC 9(6) VALUE 123456.PROCEDURE DIVISION. A000-FIRST-PARA. INITIALIZE WS-NAME, WS-ADDRESS. INITIALIZE WS-ID REPLACING NUMERIC DATA BY 12345. DISPLAY "My name is : "WS-NAME. DISPLAY "My ID is : "WS-ID. DISPLAY "Address : "WS-ADDRESS. DISPLAY "House Number : "WS-HOUSE-NUMBER. DISPLAY "Country : "WS-COUNTRY. DISPLAY "Pincode : "WS-PINCODE.STOP RUN.
JCL 执行上述COBOL程序 :
//SAMPLE JOB(TESTJCL,XXXXXX),CLASS = A,MSGCLASS = C//STEP1 EXEC PGM = HELLO
当您编译并执行上述程序时，它会产生以下结果 :
My name is : My ID is : 12345Address : 000 000000House Number : 000Country : Pincode : 000000
移动动词
移动动词用于将数据从源数据复制到目标数据.它可以用于基本数据项和组数据项.对于组数据项，使用MOVE CORRESPONDING/CORR.在尝试它选项，MOVE CORR不起作用;但是在大型机服务器上，它会工作.
对于从字符串移动数据，使用MOVE(x:l)，其中x是起始位置，l是长度.如果目标数据项PIC子句小于源数据项PIC子句，则将截断数据.如果目标数据项PIC子句大于源数据项PIC子句，则将在额外字节中添加ZEROS或SPACES.以下示例说明了这一点.
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.PROGRAM-ID. HELLO.DATA DIVISION. WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 WS-NUM1 PIC 9(9). 01 WS-NUM2 PIC 9(9). 01 WS-NUM3 PIC 9(5). 01 WS-NUM4 PIC 9(6). 01 WS-ADDRESS. 05 WS-HOUSE-NUMBER PIC 9(3). 05 WS-COUNTRY PIC X(5). 05 WS-PINCODE PIC 9(6). 01 WS-ADDRESS1. 05 WS-HOUSE-NUMBER1 PIC 9(3). 05 WS-COUNTRY1 PIC X(5). 05 WS-PINCODE1 PIC 9(6).PROCEDURE DIVISION. A000-FIRST-PARA. MOVE 123456789 TO WS-NUM1. MOVE WS-NUM1 TO WS-NUM2 WS-NUM3. MOVE WS-NUM1(3:6) TO WS-NUM4. MOVE 123 TO WS-HOUSE-NUMBER. MOVE 'INDIA' TO WS-COUNTRY. MOVE 112233 TO WS-PINCODE. MOVE WS-ADDRESS TO WS-ADDRESS1. DISPLAY "WS-NUM1 : " WS-NUM1 DISPLAY "WS-NUM2 : " WS-NUM2 DISPLAY "WS-NUM3 : " WS-NUM3 DISPLAY "WS-NUM4 : " WS-NUM4 DISPLAY "WS-ADDRESS : " WS-ADDRESS DISPLAY "WS-ADDRESS1 : " WS-ADDRESS1STOP RUN.
JCL 执行上述COBOL程序.
//SAMPLE JOB(TESTJCL,XXXXXX),CLASS = A,MSGCLASS = C//STEP1 EXEC PGM = HELLO
当你编译并执行上面的程序时，它产生以下结果 :
WS-NUM1 : 123456789WS-NUM2 : 123456789WS-NUM3 : 56789WS-NUM4 : 345678WS-ADDRESS : 123INDIA112233WS-ADDRESS1 : 123INDIA112233
法律移动
下表提供了有关合法移动和减去的信息;
| 字母 | 字母数字 | 数字 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 字母 | 可能 | 可能 | 不可能 |
| 字母数字 | 可能 | 可能 | 可能 |
| 数字 | 不可能 | 可能 | 可能 |
添加动词
添加动词用于添加两个或多个数字并将结果存储在目标操作数中.
语法
下面给出的是添加两个的语法或更多数字和减号;
ADD A B TO C DADD A B C TO D GIVING EADD CORR WS-GROUP1 TO WS-GROUP2
在语法-1中，添加A，B，C并将结果存储在C中(C = A + B + C).添加A，B，D并将结果存储在D(D = A + B + D)中.
在语法-2中，添加A，B，C，D并且结果存储在E(E = A + B + C + D)中.
在语法-3中，添加了WS-GROUP1和WS-GROUP2中的子组项，并且结果存储在WS-GROUP2中.
示例
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.PROGRAM-ID. HELLO.DATA DIVISION. WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 WS-NUM1 PIC 9(9) VALUE 10 . 01 WS-NUM2 PIC 9(9) VALUE 10. 01 WS-NUM3 PIC 9(9) VALUE 10. 01 WS-NUM4 PIC 9(9) VALUE 10. 01 WS-NUMA PIC 9(9) VALUE 10. 01 WS-NUMB PIC 9(9) VALUE 10. 01 WS-NUMC PIC 9(9) VALUE 10. 01 WS-NUMD PIC 9(9) VALUE 10. 01 WS-NUME PIC 9(9) VALUE 10.PROCEDURE DIVISION. ADD WS-NUM1 WS-NUM2 TO WS-NUM3 WS-NUM4. ADD WS-NUMA WS-NUMB WS-NUMC TO WS-NUMD GIVING WS-NUME. DISPLAY "WS-NUM1 : " WS-NUM1 DISPLAY "WS-NUM2 : " WS-NUM2 DISPLAY "WS-NUM3 : " WS-NUM3 DISPLAY "WS-NUM4 : " WS-NUM4 DISPLAY "WS-NUMA : " WS-NUMA DISPLAY "WS-NUMB : " WS-NUMB DISPLAY "WS-NUMC : " WS-NUMC DISPLAY "WS-NUMD : " WS-NUMD DISPLAY "WS-NUME : " WS-NUMESTOP RUN.
JCL 执行上述COBOL程序 :
//SAMPLE JOB(TESTJCL,XXXXXX),CLASS = A,MSGCLASS = C//STEP1 EXEC PGM = HELLO
当您编译并执行上述程序时，它会产生以下结果 :
WS-NUM1 : 000000010WS-NUM2 : 000000010WS-NUM3 : 000000030WS-NUM4 : 000000030WS-NUMA : 000000010WS-NUMB : 000000010WS-NUMC : 000000010WS-NUMD : 000000010WS-NUME : 000000040
减去动词
使用减法动词对于减法运算.
语法
以下是Subtract运算的语法 :
SUBTRACT A B FROM C DSUBTRACT A B C FROM D GIVING ESUBTRACT CORR WS-GROUP1 TO WS-GROUP2
在synta中加入x-1，A和B并从C中减去.结果存储在C中(C = C-(A + B)). A和B相加并从D中减去.结果存储在D(D = D-(A + B))中.
在语法-2中，A，B，C是从D中加减.结果存储在E中(E = D-(A + B + C))
在语法-3中，WS-GROUP1中的子组项和减去WS-GROUP2并将结果存储在WS-GROUP2中.
示例
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.PROGRAM-ID. HELLO.DATA DIVISION. WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 WS-NUM1 PIC 9(9) VALUE 10 . 01 WS-NUM2 PIC 9(9) VALUE 10. 01 WS-NUM3 PIC 9(9) VALUE 100. 01 WS-NUM4 PIC 9(9) VALUE 100. 01 WS-NUMA PIC 9(9) VALUE 10. 01 WS-NUMB PIC 9(9) VALUE 10. 01 WS-NUMC PIC 9(9) VALUE 10. 01 WS-NUMD PIC 9(9) VALUE 100. 01 WS-NUME PIC 9(9) VALUE 10.PROCEDURE DIVISION. SUBTRACT WS-NUM1 WS-NUM2 FROM WS-NUM3 WS-NUM4. SUBTRACT WS-NUMA WS-NUMB WS-NUMC FROM WS-NUMD GIVING WS-NUME. DISPLAY "WS-NUM1 : " WS-NUM1 DISPLAY "WS-NUM2 : " WS-NUM2 DISPLAY "WS-NUM3 : " WS-NUM3 DISPLAY "WS-NUM4 : " WS-NUM4 DISPLAY "WS-NUMA : " WS-NUMA DISPLAY "WS-NUMB : " WS-NUMB DISPLAY "WS-NUMC : " WS-NUMC DISPLAY "WS-NUMD : " WS-NUMD DISPLAY "WS-NUME : " WS-NUMESTOP RUN.
JCL 执行上述COBOL程序 :
//SAMPLE JOB(TESTJCL,XXXXXX),CLASS = A,MSGCLASS = C//STEP1 EXEC PGM = HELLO
当您编译并执行上述程序时，它会产生以下结果 :
WS-NUM1 : 000000010WS-NUM2 : 000000010WS-NUM3 : 000000080WS-NUM4 : 000000080WS-NUMA : 000000010WS-NUMB : 000000010WS-NUMC : 000000010WS-NUMD : 000000100WS-NUME : 000000070
乘以动词
使用乘法动词用于乘法运算.
语法
下面给出的是将两个或多个数字乘以减去的语法;
MULTIPLY A BY B CMULTIPLY A BY B GIVING E
语法 - 1，A和B相乘，结果为st在B中存在(B = A * B). A和C相乘，结果存储在C(C = A * C).
在语法-2中，A和B相乘，结果存储在E(E)中= A * B).
示例
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.PROGRAM-ID. HELLO.DATA DIVISION. WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 WS-NUM1 PIC 9(9) VALUE 10 . 01 WS-NUM2 PIC 9(9) VALUE 10. 01 WS-NUM3 PIC 9(9) VALUE 10. 01 WS-NUMA PIC 9(9) VALUE 10. 01 WS-NUMB PIC 9(9) VALUE 10. 01 WS-NUMC PIC 9(9) VALUE 10.PROCEDURE DIVISION. MULTIPLY WS-NUM1 BY WS-NUM2 WS-NUM3. MULTIPLY WS-NUMA BY WS-NUMB GIVING WS-NUMC. DISPLAY "WS-NUM1 : " WS-NUM1 DISPLAY "WS-NUM2 : " WS-NUM2 DISPLAY "WS-NUM3 : " WS-NUM3 DISPLAY "WS-NUMA : " WS-NUMA DISPLAY "WS-NUMB : " WS-NUMB DISPLAY "WS-NUMC : " WS-NUMC STOP RUN.
JCL 执行上述COBOL程序 :
//SAMPLE JOB(TESTJCL,XXXXXX),CLASS = A,MSGCLASS = C//STEP1 EXEC PGM = HELLO
当您编译并执行上述程序时，它会产生以下结果 :
WS-NUM1 : 000000010WS-NUM2 : 000000100WS-NUM3 : 000000100WS-NUMA : 000000010WS-NUMB : 000000010WS-NUMC : 000000100
除以动词
除法动词用于除法运算.
语法
下面给出了除法运算的语法 :
DIVIDE A INTO BDIVIDE A BY B GIVING C REMAINDER R
在语法-1中，B除以A，结果存储在B(B = B/A)中.
在语法-2中，A除以B，结果存储在C(C = A/B)中其余部分存储在R中.
示例
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.PROGRAM-ID. HELLO.DATA DIVISION. WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 WS-NUM1 PIC 9(9) VALUE 5. 01 WS-NUM2 PIC 9(9) VALUE 250. 01 WS-NUMA PIC 9(9) VALUE 100. 01 WS-NUMB PIC 9(9) VALUE 15. 01 WS-NUMC PIC 9(9). 01 WS-REM PIC 9(9). PROCEDURE DIVISION. DIVIDE WS-NUM1 INTO WS-NUM2. DIVIDE WS-NUMA BY WS-NUMB GIVING WS-NUMC REMAINDER WS-REM. DISPLAY "WS-NUM1 : " WS-NUM1 DISPLAY "WS-NUM2 : " WS-NUM2 DISPLAY "WS-NUMA : " WS-NUMA DISPLAY "WS-NUMB : " WS-NUMB DISPLAY "WS-NUMC : " WS-NUMC DISPLAY "WS-REM : " WS-REM STOP RUN.
JCL 执行上述COBOL程序 :
//SAMPLE JOB(TESTJCL,XXXXXX),CLASS = A,MSGCLASS = C//STEP1 EXEC PGM = HELLO
编译并执行上述程序时，它会产生以下结果 :
WS-NUM1 : 000000005WS-NUM2 : 000000050WS-NUMA : 000000100WS-NUMB : 000000015WS-NUMC : 000000006WS-REM : 000000010
计算语句
计算语句用于在COBOL中编写算术表达式.这是Add，Subtract，Multiply和Divide的替代.
示例
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.PROGRAM-ID. HELLO.DATA DIVISION. WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. 01 WS-NUM1 PIC 9(9) VALUE 10 . 01 WS-NUM2 PIC 9(9) VALUE 10. 01 WS-NUM3 PIC 9(9) VALUE 10. 01 WS-NUMA PIC 9(9) VALUE 50. 01 WS-NUMB PIC 9(9) VALUE 10. 01 WS-NUMC PIC 9(9).PROCEDURE DIVISION. COMPUTE WS-NUMC= (WS-NUM1 * WS-NUM2) - (WS-NUMA / WS-NUMB) + WS-NUM3. DISPLAY "WS-NUM1 : " WS-NUM1 DISPLAY "WS-NUM2 : " WS-NUM2 DISPLAY "WS-NUM3 : " WS-NUM3 DISPLAY "WS-NUMA : " WS-NUMA DISPLAY "WS-NUMB : " WS-NUMB DISPLAY "WS-NUMC : " WS-NUMCSTOP RUN.
JCL 执行上述COBOL程序.
//SAMPLE JOB(TESTJCL,XXXXXX),CLASS = A,MSGCLASS = C//STEP1 EXEC PGM = HELLO
当你编译并执行上面的程序时，它产生以下结果 :
WS-NUM1 : 000000010WS-NUM2 : 000000010WS-NUM3 : 000000010WS-NUMA : 000000050WS-NUMB : 000000010WS-NUMC : 000000105