java.util.concurrent.Callable对象可以返回由线程完成的计算结果,而runnable接口只能运行该线程. Callable对象返回Future对象,该对象提供监视线程正在执行的任务进度的方法. Future对象可用于检查Callable的状态,然后在完成线程后从Callable中检索结果.它还提供超时功能.
语法
//submit the callable using ThreadExecutor//and get the result as a Future objectFutureresult10 = executor.submit(new FactorialService(10)); //get the result using get method of the Future object//get method waits till the thread execution and then return the result of the execution.Long factorial10 = result10.get();
示例
以下TestThread程序显示基于线程的环境中Futures和Callables的使用情况.
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.Future;public class TestThread { public static void main(final String[] arguments) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); System.out.println("Factorial Service called for 10!"); Futureresult10 = executor.submit(new FactorialService(10)); System.out.println("Factorial Service called for 20!"); Future result20 = executor.submit(new FactorialService(20)); Long factorial10 = result10.get(); System.out.println("10! = " + factorial10); Long factorial20 = result20.get(); System.out.println("20! = " + factorial20); executor.shutdown(); } static class FactorialService implements Callable { private int number; public FactorialService(int number) { this.number = number; } @Override public Long call() throws Exception { return factorial(); } private Long factorial() throws InterruptedException { long result = 1; while (number != 0) { result = number * result; number--; Thread.sleep(100); } return result; } }}
这将产生以下结果.
输出
Factorial Service called for 10!Factorial Service called for 20!10! = 362880020! = 2432902008176640000