java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock接口用作类似于synchronized块的线程同步机制.新的锁定机制比同步块更灵活,提供更多选项. Lock和synchronized块之间的主要区别在于 :
保证序列&减号;同步块不提供对等待线程进行访问的顺序的任何保证.锁接口处理它.
无超时 : 如果未授予锁定,则同步块没有超时选项.锁定界面提供了这样的选项.
单一方法 : 同步块必须完全包含在单个方法中,而锁接口的方法lock()和unlock()可以用不同的方法调用.
锁定方法
以下是Lock类中可用的重要方法列表.
Sr.No. | 方法&说明 |
---|---|
1 | public void lock() 获取锁定. |
2 | public void lockInterruptibly() 获取锁,除非当前线程被中断. |
3 | public Condition newCondition() 返回绑定到此Lock实例的新Condition实例. |
4 | public boolean tryLock() 只有在调用时它是空闲的时才获取锁. |
5 | 公开boolean tryLock() 只有在调用时它是空闲的时才获取锁. |
6 | public boolean tryLock(很长一段时间,TimeU单位) 如果在给定的等待时间内空闲并且当前线程没有被中断,则获取锁. |
7 | public void unlock( ) 释放锁定. |
示例
以下TestThread程序演示了Lock接口的一些方法.这里我们使用lock()来获取锁定和解锁()以释放锁定.
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;class PrintDemo { private final Lock queueLock = new ReentrantLock(); public void print() { queueLock.lock(); try { Long duration = (long) (Math.random() * 10000); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Time Taken " + (duration / 1000) + " seconds."); Thread.sleep(duration); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { System.out.printf( "%s printed the document successfully.\n", Thread.currentThread().getName()); queueLock.unlock(); } }}class ThreadDemo extends Thread { PrintDemo printDemo; ThreadDemo(String name, PrintDemo printDemo) { super(name); this.printDemo = printDemo; } @Override public void run() { System.out.printf( "%s starts printing a document\n", Thread.currentThread().getName()); printDemo.print(); }}public class TestThread { public static void main(String args[]) { PrintDemo PD = new PrintDemo(); ThreadDemo t1 = new ThreadDemo("Thread - 1 ", PD); ThreadDemo t2 = new ThreadDemo("Thread - 2 ", PD); ThreadDemo t3 = new ThreadDemo("Thread - 3 ", PD); ThreadDemo t4 = new ThreadDemo("Thread - 4 ", PD); t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); t4.start(); }}
这将产生以下结果.
输出
Thread - 1 starts printing a documentThread - 4 starts printing a documentThread - 3 starts printing a documentThread - 2 starts printing a documentThread - 1 Time Taken 4 seconds.Thread - 1 printed the document successfully.Thread - 4 Time Taken 3 seconds.Thread - 4 printed the document successfully.Thread - 3 Time Taken 5 seconds.Thread - 3 printed the document successfully.Thread - 2 Time Taken 4 seconds.Thread - 2 printed the document successfully.
我们在这里使用ReentrantLock类作为Lock接口的实现. ReentrantLock类允许线程锁定方法,即使它已经锁定了其他方法.