原型模式是指在保持性能的同时创建重复对象.这种类型的设计模式属于创建模式,因为此模式提供了创建对象的最佳方法之一.
此模式涉及实现原型接口,该接口告诉创建当前的克隆宾语.当直接创建对象成本高时使用此模式.例如,在昂贵的数据库操作之后创建对象.我们可以缓存对象,在下一个请求时返回它的克隆,并在需要时更新数据库,从而减少数据库调用.
实现
我们'我将创建一个抽象类 Shape 和扩展 Shape 类的具体类.类 ShapeCache 被定义为下一步,它将形状对象存储在 Hashtable 中,并在请求时返回它们的克隆.
PrototypPatternDemo ,我们的演示类将使用 ShapeCache 类来获取 Shape 对象.
步骤1
创建一个实现 Clonable的抽象类 interface.
Shape.java
public abstract class Shape implements Cloneable { private String id; protected String type; abstract void draw(); public String getType(){ return type; } public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public Object clone() { Object clone = null; try { clone = super.clone(); } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return clone; } }
步骤2
创建扩展上述类的具体类.
Rectangle.java
public class Rectangle extends Shape { public Rectangle(){ type = "Rectangle"; } @Override public void draw() { System.out.println("Inside Rectangle::draw() method."); } }
Square.java
public class Square extends Shape { public Square(){ type = "Square"; } @Override public void draw() { System.out.println("Inside Square::draw() method."); } }
Circle.java
public class Circle extends Shape { public Circle(){ type = "Circle"; } @Override public void draw() { System.out.println("Inside Circle::draw() method."); }}
步骤3
创建一个类以从数据库中获取具体类并将它们存储在 Hashtable 中.
ShapeCache.java
import java.util.Hashtable;public class ShapeCache { private static HashtableshapeMap = new Hashtable (); public static Shape getShape(String shapeId) { Shape cachedShape = shapeMap.get(shapeId); return (Shape) cachedShape.clone(); } // for each shape run database query and create shape // shapeMap.put(shapeKey, shape); // for example, we are adding three shapes public static void loadCache() { Circle circle = new Circle(); circle.setId("1"); shapeMap.put(circle.getId(),circle); Square square = new Square(); square.setId("2"); shapeMap.put(square.getId(),square); Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle(); rectangle.setId("3"); shapeMap.put(rectangle.getId(), rectangle); }}
第4步
PrototypePatternDemo 使用 ShapeCache 类,用于获取存储在 Hashtable 中的形状克隆.
PrototypePatternDemo.java
public class PrototypePatternDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { ShapeCache.loadCache(); Shape clonedShape = (Shape) ShapeCache.getShape("1"); System.out.println("Shape : " + clonedShape.getType()); Shape clonedShape2 = (Shape) ShapeCache.getShape("2"); System.out.println("Shape : " + clonedShape2.getType()); Shape clonedShape3 = (Shape) ShapeCache.getShape("3"); System.out.println("Shape : " + clonedShape3.getType()); }}
步骤5
验证输出.
Shape : CircleShape : SquareShape : Rectangle